Measurement invariance of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire-coach in youth sport.

The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance (across five languages, two time points, and two experimental conditions) of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire-coach (EDMCQ-C; Appleton et al., 2016) when completed by 9256 young sport participants (M age = 11.53 years, SD = 1.39 years; 13.5% female). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the validity of a 2-factor (empowering and disempowering) model running a multiple group analysis without any equality constraint (configural invariance) followed by measurement invariance of factor loadings and thresholds (scalar invariance). Findings provided support for partial invariance across languages and scalar invariance across time and experimental groups. The factors were interpretable across the analyses, and items loaded as intended by theory except for item 15. This study provides further evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the EDMCQ-C and suggests this scale (minus item 15) can be used to provide meaningful latent mean comparisons (Marsh et al., 2013) of empowering and disempowering coach-created climates across athletes speaking the five targeted languages, across time, and across experimental groups.

Influence of Social Support and Subjective Well-Being on the Perceived Overall Health of the Elderly.

Scientific interest in the positive aspects of aging and the development of healthy aging has increased, given the need to ensure older people well-being and quality of life. In this sense, social support and some sociodemographic variables may have a not yet entirely clear role. The main objective of this work was to analyze the predictive relationships of age, marital status, social support and subjective well-being on the general perception of the health of a group of elderly people. The participants were 137 people (77.4% women) between 61 and 91 years old (M = 73.11; SD = 6.22); 56.9% of them had a partner and 40.1% did not. The path analysis tested indicates that social support has an indirect predictive value on perceived overall health through its influence on subjective well-being. Age and life satisfaction are the most important direct predictors of perceived overall health. Conclusions highlight the need to delve into the study of explanatory factors of the general perception of the health of the elderly and promote interventions to facilitate the development of an appropriate social support network and increase the subjective well-being of this group.

Work environment, job satisfaction and burnout among Spanish dentists: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The main aim of the present study was to examine the relationships among work environment, job satisfaction and burnout in dentists and to analyse the way in which certain sociodemographic variables, such as gender, professional experience and weekly working hours, predict the perception of the work environment. METHODS: A battery of online questionnaires was sent to 3876 dentists officially registered in the triple-province region of Valencia; the battery included the Survey of Organizational Attributes for Dental Care, the Warr-Cook-Wall Overall Job Satisfaction Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a series of sociodemographic questions formulated for the specific purpose of this study. To assess the relations with the independent variables, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Z-scores were calculated to make effect sizes comparable, and the associations between the scales and the sociodemographic variables were investigated by adjusted multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 336 participants (9.4%) correctly completed the survey in this study. The mean (M) age was 37.6 years old (standard deviation (SD) = 9.6, median (Me) = 34). Participants reported high scores on the work environment and job satisfaction scales, with only limited experiences of burnout (3.8%). Work environment and burnout were significantly and positively predicted by years of professional experience (ß = .078; p = .000 and ß = .107; p = .004, respectively), and job satisfaction was significantly and positively predicted by weekly hours of work (ß = .022; p = .001), without significant differences according to gender. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists who work over 20 hours a week and have more years of professional experience report having better perceptions of well-being at work, with no significant difference according to gender. It is important to highlight the aspects that improve well-being in dentistry to reduce burnout, which would lead to greater work engagement and better attention to patients.

Medication reconciliation at admission to surgical departments.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine the prevalence of reconciliation errors (REs) at admission to surgery departments, report their potential clinical impact and analyse possible risk factors. METHODS: Prospective observational study was conducted for 8 months in a regional public hospital in Spain. The study included patients consecutively hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology or Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery from May through December 2010. At 24-48 hours after hospital admission, the pre-admission pharmacological treatment of patients was compared with the medication received in hospital to identify REs, which were classified by type and potential severity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with the presence of RE as dependent variable. RESULTS: The study included 176 patients, 60.8% of whom were aged >65 years and consumed a mean of 5.55 (±4.33) drugs. 55.1% had ≥1 RE, with a mean of 3.21 REs per patient [95% confidence interval (CI; 2.72-3.70)]. The most frequent RE was drug omission (84.1%). No clinical risk was posed by 50.5% of the REs. Multivariate analysis evidenced fourfold higher risk of an RE in patients admitted for elective versus emergency surgery and a 1.35-fold higher risk in patients receiving a larger number of drugs. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of REs among patients admitted to the surgical departments, most frequently the omission of a drug. The risk of an RE was higher in patients admitted for elective versus emergency surgery, as well as with the receipt of a larger number of drugs before admission.

La evaluación axiológica de los proyectos en los comités de ética de la investigación / The axiological assessment of projects into research ethics committees

El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que la existencia de los Comités de Ética de la Investigación (CEIs) es congruente con el tiempo histórico que nos ha tocado vivir. La idea de una ciencia neutra se remonta a la creación de la Royal Society. Putnam y otros investigadores propusieron el término de valores epistémicos para los valores propios de la ciencia. A esta transformación axiológica se le ha denominado de varias formas: modo 2 de conocimiento, ciencia postnormal, ciencia postacadémica y también tecnociencia. No hay innovación sin valoración previa, e incluso sin múltiples valoraciones previas. La existencia actual de los Comités de Ética de la Investigación (CEIs) es un hecho congruente con el desarrollo histórico de la epistemología durante el siglo XX. Una de las funciones más importantes de los CEIs, es la evaluación axiológica (valores epistémicos) de los proyectos de investigación

The aim of this paper is to show that the existence of Ethics Research Committees is consistent with the historical time in which we reside. The idea of a neutral science dates back to the creation of the Royal Society. Putnam and other researchers proposed the term "epistemic values" to the values of science. This axiological transformation has been called in several ways: knowledge mode 2, post-normal science, post-academic science and technoscience. There is no innovation without evaluation, even without multiple previous assessments. The actual existence of the Research Ethics Committees (RECs) is a fact consistent with the historical development of epistemology in the twentieth century. One of the most important functions of RECs, is the axiological evaluation (epistemic values) of research projects

Triangulación de un estudio cualitativo mediante regresión logística / Triangulation of a qualitative research by logistic regression

Fundamento y Objetivo: La investigación cualitativa complementa su visión de la realidad mediante la triangulación. La regresión logística binaria es un instrumento de predicción de riesgo en epidemiología analítica. Nuestro objetivo ha sido triangular una investigación cualitativa de tipo pedagógico con modelos de regresión logística. Material y Método: Sobre la información recogida por un grupo focal, organizamos los datos en tres variables: Aforismo / Frase corta (variable dependiente), Profesor y Tipo (variables predictoras) y construimos dos modelos con regresión logística binaria. El error alfa fue del 5 y del 10%. El tamaño muestral venía impuesto por el grupo focal anterior (saturación cualitativa). Se diseñaron rutinas para trabajar con los datos en el programa R. Resultados: Con 127 elementos (44 aforismos y 83 frases cortas) se obtuvieron significaciones crudas del 10% para dos de los diez profesores con información relevante para el grupo focal (odds ratios de 0.42 y 2.33 respectivamente; índice de Brier escalado = 0.06 y área bajo curva ROC = 0.63) y significaciones menores del 5% para cuatro de los cinco epígrafes en que habíamos dividido la variable tipo (epidemiológicos, epistemológicos, estadísticos y pragmáticos o heurísticos). El epígrafe "Estadístico" fue significativo con respecto a "Epistemológico" (OR=5,00; IC al 95% = 14.431-1.743) y con respecto a "Pragmático" (OR=4.80; IC al 95%=14.602-1.577). El epígrafe "Difusión Científica" no resultó significativo. Conclusiones: En un entorno de investigación cualitativo-pedagógica sobre aforismos y frases cortas, la regresión logística binaria se ha mostrado eficaz, dentro de una estrategia de triangulación, para identificar docentes originales para el grupo focal (p<0.10) y señalar epígrafes con interés clasificatorio (p<0.05). La capacidad predictiva de los modelos ha sido baja y la capacidad discriminativa aceptable

Background and objectives: Qualitative research seeks to enrich its vision of reality through triangulation. Binary logistic regression is a prediction tool in analytical epidemiology. Our aim was to complement a qualitative study by logistic regression models. Methods: On gathered information by a previous focus group, we organized the data into three variables: Aphorism / short phrase (dependent), Professor and Type (predictive) and built two models with binary logistic regression. The alpha error was 5 and 10%. The sample size was imposed by the previous focus group task (qualitative saturation). Routines were implemented to work with the program R. Results: With 127 elements (44 aphorisms and 83 short sentences) we obtained a 10% raw signification for two of the ten teachers with relevant information for the focus group (odds ratios of 0.42 and 2.33 respectively; Brier scaled =0.06 and area under ROC curve = 0.63) and significations less than 5% for four the five sections in which we divided the variable "Type" (epidemiological, epistemological, statistical, pragmatic or heuristic). The heading "Statistics" was significant with respect to "Epistemological" (OR = 5.00, CI 95% = 14.431-1.743) and with respect to "Pragmatic" (OR = 4.80, CI 95% = 14.602-1.577). The label "Scientific Spread" was not significant. Conclusions: In an environment of qualitative and pedagogical research on aphorisms and short phrases, binary logistic regression has been shown effective in identifying original teachers for focus group (p<0.1) and to identify qualifying entries with interest (p<0.05). The predictive capability of models has been low and acceptable the discriminative capacity

Aphorisms and short phrases as pieces of knowledge in the pedagogical framework of the andalusian school of public health.

BACKGROUND: Bearing in mind the philosophical pedagogical significance of short phrases for the training of researchers in the health care ambit, we hence have studied the aphorisms and striking phrases expressed during the epidemiology course at the Andalusian School of Public Health. METHODS: Belonging to the qualitative type and applied through the establishment of a multidisciplinary focus group made up of ten post-graduated students, where one of them acted as a moderator. The collection of information lasted four months. Information was classified in two ways: Firstly, aphorisms and short phrases with a pedagogical impact; and secondly, data with statistical, epidemiological, epistemological, pragmatic, or heuristic component, and for scientific diffusion. It was decided to perform a triangulation that included a descriptive presentation and a basic categorical analysis. The two teachers with a highest interpretative load have been identified . RESULTS: A total of 127 elements, regarded as of interest by the focus group, were collected. Forty-four of them (34.6%) were aphorisms, and 83 were short phrases with a pedagogical load (65.3%). Most of all them were classified as statistical elements (35.4%) followed by epistemological (21.3%) and epidemiological (15.7%) elements. There was no tendency towards aphorisms or short phrases (P > 0.05) among the teachers with more informative representation. CONCLUSION: There has been a tilt in the contents towards the statistical area to the detriment of the epidemiological one. Concept maps have visualized classifications. This sort of qualitative analysis helps the researcher review contents acquired during his/her training process.

Variación del conocimiento al asistir a un taller de asma para farmacéuticos comunitarios / Changes in knowledge after attending a community pharmacists’ asthma workshop

Antecedentes: Los farmacéuticos pueden jugar un papel importante tanto en la detección de asma como en su seguimiento. Objetivos: Determinar la variación de conocimiento, y las variables asociadas, de los farmacéuticos asistentes al taller de «Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico en Asma bronquial en Adultos» que realizan el Cetro de Atención Farmacéutica del laboratorio Stada: (CAF-Stada) Método: Todos los asistentes al taller de «Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico en Asmabronquial en Adultos» completaron un test antes dela sesión y otro después. Aquellos que abandonaron el taller o no cumplimentaron los test fueron excluidos del estudio. El test puntuaba de 0 a 10 y se analizaron las variaciones en las puntuaciones. Resultado: De los 90 participantes, 79 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El 81,4% fueron mujeres y la edad media fue de 38,8 años [IC95%=36,65-40,81]. La puntuación media en el test inicial fue 3,65 [IC95%=3,29-4,01]; el 72,2% de los farmacéuticos obtuvo una puntuación inferior a 5 puntos. La puntuación media en el test final fue7,33 [IC95%=7.01-7,65]. La variación de conocimiento media fue 3,68 [IC95%=3,29-4,07]. No hay relación estadísticamente significativa entrevariación de conocimiento y las otras variables analizadas (edad, género, otros cursos, o cargo en la farmacia). Conclusión: El taller de «Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico en Asma bronquial en Adultos» que realizan el CAF-Stada) aumenta el conocimiento general del farmacéutico (AU)

Background: Pharmacists can play an important role in both the detection of asthma and itsmonitoring in patients with asthma. Objective: To assess the change in asthma knowledge, and associated variables, ofpharmacists attending the «Pharmacotherapy follow up of Adult Bronchial Asthma» workshops run by the Pharmaceutical Care Center of Stada Laboratories. Methods: All participants in the «Pharmacotherapy follow-up of Adult Bronchial Asthma» workshops completed a pre-test and a post-test. Those who left the workshop and those who did not complete the tests were not included in the analysis. Tests were scored from 0 to 10, and the change in scores was analyzed. Results: Of the 90 participating pharmacists, 79fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 81% (64) were female, and their average age was 38.8 years [CI95%=36.65-40.81]. The average pre-test score was 3.65[CI95%=3.29-4.01]; 72.2% of the pharmacistsscored less than 5 points. The average post-test score was 7.33 [CI95%=7.01-7.65]. The average change in scores was 3.68 [CI95%=3.29-4.07] . No statistical significance was found between this change in scores and other variables analyzed (age, gender, previous training, or position in the pharmacy). Conclusion: CAF Stada «Adult Bronchial Asthma» workshops increased pharmacists' general knowledge (AU)

Changes in knowledge after attending a community pharmacists' asthma workshop.

BACKGROUND: Pharmacists can play an important role in both the detection of asthma and its monitoring in patients with asthma. OBJECTIVE: To assess the change in asthma knowledge, and associated variables, of pharmacists attending the "Pharmacotherapy follow- up of Adult Bronchial Asthma" workshops run by the Pharmaceutical Care Center of Stada Laboratories. METHODS: All participants in the "Pharmacotherapy follow-up of Adult Bronchial Asthma" workshops completed a pre-test and a post-test. Those who left the workshop and those who did not complete the tests were not included in the analysis. Tests were scored from 0 to 10, and the change in scores was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 90 participating pharmacists, 79 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 81% (64) were female, and their average age was 38.8 years [CI95%= 36.65-40.81]. The average pre-test score was 3.65 [CI95%=3.29-4.01]; 72.2% of the pharmacists scored less than 5 points. The average post-test score was 7.33 [CI95%=7.01-7.65]. The average change in scores was 3.68 [CI95%=3.29-4.07]. No statistical significance was found between this change in scores and other variables analyzed (age, gender, previous training, or position in the pharmacy). CONCLUSION: CAF Stada "Adult Bronchial Asthma" workshops increased pharmacists' general knowledge.